FastCGI로 Trac 운영하기
버전 0.9 이후에, Trac을 FastCGI 인터페이스를 통해서 운영할 수 있습니다. mod_python처럼, Trac을 resident 상태로 유지합니다. 그리고 각 요청에 대해서 새로운 프로세스를 시작해야만 하는 외부의 CGI 인터페이스에 비해서 빠릅니다. 그러나 mod_python과는 달리, SuEXEC를 지원할 수 있습니다. 추가적으로 다양한 웹서버에 의해서 지원되어집니다.
간단한 아파치 설정
There are two FastCGI modules commonly available for Apache: mod_fastcgi and mod_fcgid. The FastCgiIpcDir and FastCgiConfig directives discussed below are mod_fastcgi directives; the DefaultInitEnv is a mod_fgcid directive.
For mod_fastcgi, add the following to an appropriate Apache configuration file:
# Enable fastcgi for .fcgi files # (If you're using a distro package for mod_fcgi, something like # this is probably already present) <IfModule mod_fastcgi.c> AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi FastCgiIpcDir /var/lib/apache2/fastcgi </IfModule> LoadModule fastcgi_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_fastcgi.so
Setting FastCgiIpcDir is optional if the default is suitable. Note that the LoadModule line must be after the IfModule group.
Configure ScriptAlias or similar options as described in TracCgi, but calling trac.fcgi instead of trac.cgi.
You can set up the TRAC_ENV as an overall default:
FastCgiConfig -initial-env TRAC_ENV=/path/to/env/trac
다음과 같이 하나의 디렉토리에 여러개의 Trac 프로젝트들을 설정할 수도 있습니다.:
FastCgiConfig -initial-env TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR=/parent/dir/of/projects
But neither of these will work for mod_fcgid. A similar but partial solution for mod_fcgid is:
DefaultInitEnv TRAC_ENV /path/to/env/trac/
But this cannot be used in Directory or Location context, which makes it difficult to support multiple projects.
A better method which works for both of these modules (and for lighttpd and CGI as well), because it involves no server configuration settings for environment variables, is to set one of the variables in trac.fcgi, e.g.:
import os os.environ['TRAC_ENV'] = "/path/to/projectenv"
or
import os os.environ['TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR'] = "/path/to/project/parent/dir"
Using this method, different projects can be supported by using different .fcgi scripts with different ScriptAliases, copying and appropriately renaming trac.fcgi and adding the above code to create each such script.
간단한 Lighttpd 설정
FastCGI는 주로 lighttpd같은 다른 웹서버에서 사용하기 위해서 개발되어졌습니다.
높은 성능의 환경에 대해 최적화되어 있는 lighttpd는 보안성, 속도, compliant가 뛰어나며 매우 유연한 웹서버입니다. lighttpd는 다른 웹서버와 비교해서 매우 작은 메모리와 CPU 부하를 가집니다.
lighttpd와 같이 trac.fcgi를 사용하기 위해서는, lighttpd.conf 파일에 다음 내용을 추가하십시오.:
fastcgi.server = ("/trac" =>
("trac" =>
("socket" => "/tmp/trac-fastcgi.sock",
"bin-path" => "/path/to/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi",
"check-local" => "disable",
"bin-environment" =>
("TRAC_ENV" => "/path/to/projenv")
)
)
)
Note that you will need to add a new entry to fastcgi.server for each separate Trac instance that you wish to run. Alternatively, you may use the TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR variable instead of TRAC_ENV as described above, and you may set one of the two in trac.fcgi instead of in lighttpd.conf using bin-environment (as in the section above on Apache configuration).
For using two projects with lighttpd add the following to your lighttpd.conf:
fastcgi.server = ("/first" =>
("first" =>
("socket" => "/tmp/trac-fastcgi-first.sock",
"bin-path" => "/path/to/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi",
"check-local" => "disable",
"bin-environment" =>
("TRAC_ENV" => "/path/to/projenv-first")
)
),
"/second" =>
("second" =>
("socket" => "/tmp/trac-fastcgi-second.sock",
"bin-path" => "/path/to/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi",
"check-local" => "disable",
"bin-environment" =>
("TRAC_ENV" => "/path/to/projenv-second")
)
)
)
Note that field values are different. If you prefer setting the environment variables in the .fcgi scripts, then copy/rename trac.fcgi, e.g., to first.fcgi and second.fcgi, and reference them in the above settings. Note that the above will result in different processes in any event, even if both are running from the same trac.fcgi script.
Note from c00i90wn: It's very important the order on which server.modules are loaded, if mod_auth is not loaded BEFORE mod_fastcgi, then the server will fail to authenticate the user.
For authentication you should enable mod_auth in lighttpd.conf 'server.modules', select auth.backend and auth rules:
server.modules = (
...
"mod_auth",
...
)
auth.backend = "htpasswd"
# Separated password files for each project
# See "Conditional Configuration" in
# http://trac.lighttpd.net/trac/file/branches/lighttpd-merge-1.4.x/doc/configuration.txt
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/first/" {
auth.backend.htpasswd.userfile = "/path/to/projenv-first/htpasswd.htaccess"
}
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/second/" {
auth.backend.htpasswd.userfile = "/path/to/projenv-second/htpasswd.htaccess"
}
# Enable auth on trac URLs, see
# http://trac.lighttpd.net/trac/file/branches/lighttpd-merge-1.4.x/doc/authentication.txt
auth.require = ("/first/login" =>
("method" => "basic",
"realm" => "First project",
"require" => "valid-user"
),
"/second/login" =>
("method" => "basic",
"realm" => "Second project",
"require" => "valid-user"
)
)
Note that lighttpd (I use version 1.4.3) stopped if password file doesn't exist.
Note that lighttpd doesn't support 'valid-user' in versions prior to 1.3.16.
Conditional configuration is also useful for mapping static resources, i.e. serving out images and CSS directly instead of through FastCGI:
# Aliasing functionality is needed
server.modules += ("mod_alias")
# Setup an alias for the static resources
alias.url = ("/trac/chrome/common" => "/usr/share/trac/htdocs")
# Use negative lookahead, matching all requests that ask for any resource under /trac, EXCEPT in
# /trac/chrome/common, and use FastCGI for those
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/trac(?!/chrome/common)" {
# Even if you have other fastcgi.server declarations for applications other than Trac, do NOT use += here
fastcgi.server = ("/trac" =>
("trac" =>
("socket" => "/tmp/trac-fastcgi.sock",
"bin-path" => "/path/to/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi",
"check-local" => "disable",
"bin-environment" =>
("TRAC_ENV" => "/path/to/projenv")
)
)
)
}
The technique can be easily adapted for use with multiple projects by creating aliases for each of them, and wrapping the fastcgi.server declarations inside conditional configuration blocks. Also there is another way to handle multiple projects and it's to use TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR instead of TRAC_ENV and use global auth, let's see an example:
# This is for handling multiple projects
alias.url = ( "/trac/" => "/path/to/trac/htdocs/" )
fastcgi.server += ("/projects" =>
("trac" =>
(
"socket" => "/tmp/trac.sock",
"bin-path" => "/path/to/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi",
"check-local" => "disable",
"bin-environment" =>
("TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR" => "/path/to/parent/dir/of/projects/" )
)
)
)
#And here starts the global auth configuration
auth.backend = "htpasswd"
auth.backend.htpasswd.userfile = "/path/to/unique/htpassword/file/trac.htpasswd"
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/projects/.*/login$" {
auth.require = ("/" =>
(
"method" => "basic",
"realm" => "trac",
"require" => "valid-user"
)
)
}
Changing date/time format also supported by lighttpd over environment variable LC_TIME
fastcgi.server = ("/trac" =>
("trac" =>
("socket" => "/tmp/trac-fastcgi.sock",
"bin-path" => "/path/to/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi",
"check-local" => "disable",
"bin-environment" =>
("TRAC_ENV" => "/path/to/projenv",
"LC_TIME" => "ru_RU")
)
)
)
For details about languages specification see TracFaq? question 2.13.
Other important information like this updated TracInstall page, and this are useful for non-fastcgi specific installation aspects.
If you use trac-0.9, read about small bug
Relaunch lighttpd, and browse to http://yourhost.example.org/trac to access Trac.
Note about running lighttpd with reduced permissions:
If nothing else helps and trac.fcgi doesn't start with lighttpd settings server.username = "www-data", server.groupname = "www-data", then in the bin-environment section set PYTHON_EGG_CACHE to the home directory of www-data or some other directory accessible to this account for writing.
Simple LiteSpeed? Configuration
The FastCGI front-end was developed primarily for use with alternative webservers, such as LiteSpeed.
LiteSpeed? web server is an event-driven asynchronous Apache replacement designed from the ground-up to be secure, scalable, and operate with minimal resources. LiteSpeed? can operate directly from an Apache config file and is targeted for business-critical environments.
Setup
1) Please make sure you have first have a working install of a Trac project. Test install with “tracd” first.
2) Create a Virtual Host for this setup. From now on we will refer to this vhost as TracVhost?. For this tutorial we will be assuming that your trac project will be accessible via:
http://yourdomain.com/trac/
3) Go “TracVhost? → External Apps” tab and create a new “External Application”.
Name: MyTracFCGI Address: uds://tmp/lshttpd/mytracfcgi.sock Max Connections: 10 Environment: TRAC_ENV=/fullpathto/mytracproject/ <--- path to root folder of trac project Initial Request Timeout (secs): 30 Retry Timeout (secs): 0 Persistent Connection Yes Connection Keepalive Timeout: 30 Response Bufferring: No Auto Start: Yes Command: /usr/share/trac/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi <--- path to trac.fcgi Back Log: 50 Instances: 10
4) Optional. If you need to use htpasswd based authentication. Go to “TracVhost? → Security” tab and create a new security “Realm”.
DB Type: Password File Realm Name: MyTracUserDB <--- any name you wish and referenced later User DB Location: /fullpathto/htpasswd <--- path to your htpasswd file
If you don’t have a htpasswd file or don’t know how to create the entries within one, go to http://sherylcanter.com/encrypt.php, to generate the user:password combos.
5) Go to “PythonVhost? → Contexts” and create a new “FCGI Context”.
URI: /trac/ <--- URI path to bind to python fcgi app we created Fast CGI App: [VHost Level] MyTractFCGI <--- select the trac fcgi extapp we just created Realm: TracUserDB <--- only if (4) is set. select ream created in (4)
6) Modify /fullpathto/mytracproject/conf/trac.ini
#find/set base_rul, url, and link variables base_url = http://yourdomain.com/trac/ <--- base url to generate correct links to url = http://yourdomain.com/trac/ <--- link of project link = http://yourdomain.com/trac/ <--- link of graphic logo
7) Restart LiteSpeed?, “lswsctrl restart”, and access your new Trac project at:
http://yourdomain.com/trac/
참고 : TracCgi, TracModPython, TracInstall, TracGuide
